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What is RSV?Updated 11-26-2024
  • Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a very contagious respiratory virus that can cause runny nose and congestion in most people. However, it can cause difficulty breathing, pneumonia and severe disease in infants, older adults, and those with underlying conditions. See Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) for details regarding symptoms and transmission.
  • RSV is a significant cause of hospitalizations and death in infants and older adults.
  • There are several safe and effective vaccines and immunizations available to prevent severe RSV disease in infants, children, and older adults.
RSV Facts Flyer

Fact Sheet

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Information for the Public
Immunization Information
  • Three RSV vaccines are licensed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in adults 60 and older.
    • Arexvy (GSK), Abrysvo (Pfizer), and MRESVIA (Moderna) vaccines are approved for use in adults 60 years and older.
    • RSV vaccine can be given at the same time as other vaccines.
  • The maternal RSV vaccine (Abrysvo) can be given to pregnant persons during 32 – 36 weeks gestation from September 1 - January 31st to protect their infants from severe disease during the infant's first RSV season.
    • RSV vaccine is not recommended for pregnant people who received it during a previous pregnancy. However, these infants can receive nirsevimab.
  • Nirsevimab (Beyfortus™, Sanofi) helps protect infants and toddlers from severe illness during RSV season. RSV immunization is recommended for:
    • Infants aged <8 months, born during or entering their first RSV season (October 1 to March 31)
    • Infants and toddlers ages 8 – 19 months entering their second RSV season at high risk for severe disease.
  • You may get flu, COVID-19 vaccines, and RSV immunizations at the same visit, making it easier to stay up to date with CDC recommendations.

How well do RSV immunizations work?

Side effects from RSV vaccine are usually mild. Common side effects may include:

  • Redness, swelling, and pain at the site of injection
  • Fatigue
  • Fever
  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • Diarrhea
  • Muscle or joint pain
Vaccine Recommendations

Who SHOULD get the vaccine:
Vaccination recommendations vary depending on age, health factors and other medical conditions.

  • Adults 75 years and older.
  • Adults ages 60 to 74 years who are at increased risk of severe RSV disease. This includes:
    • Persons with chronic heart or lung disease
    • Persons with a weakened immune system
    • Persons with other medical conditions, such as diabetes and obesity
    • Persons living in a nursing home or long-term care facility
  • Pregnant people at 32 – 36 weeks gestation.
  • Additionally, infants younger than 8 months of age who were born during, or are entering their first RSV season should receive Nirsevimab (Beyfortus) if:
    • The mother did not receive an RSV vaccine during pregnancy.
    • The mother's RSV vaccination status is unknown.
    • The infant was born within 2 weeks of maternal RSV vaccination.
  • Most infants whose mothers got the RSV vaccine don't need to get nirsevimab too.
  • Young children 8 to 19 months old who are at an increased risk of severe RSV. This includes:
    • Children with chronic lung disease of prematurity
    • Children with a weakened immune system
    • Children with severe cystic fibrosis
    • American Indian or Alaska Native children

Who should NOT get the vaccine (if applicable):

  • Anyone with a history of severe allergic reaction to any component of the vaccine.
  • Adults who received a previous dose of RSV vaccine.
  • Pregnant persons who were previously vaccinated.
  • Babies who are already protected because their mother received a maternal vaccine during pregnancy.
Where to get the Vaccine

There are many places to get the RSV vaccine. If you have insurance, talk to your doctor or check with your local pharmacy to see what vaccines are offered. Most health insurances cover the cost of all recommended vaccines for children and adults.

If you are uninsured or underinsured, there are programs available to help cover the cost of vaccines. Children who are 18 years of age or younger are eligible to receive vaccines at no cost through the Vaccines for Children (VFC) Program if they are:

  • Eligible for or are enrolled in Medi-Cal
  • American Indian or Alaskan Native
  • Uninsured (do not have health insurance)
  • Underinsured (private health insurance does not cover the full cost of vaccines)

Click to see if your child is eligible to receive VFC vaccines: English | Spanish

NOTE: Nirsevimab is also available for VFC – eligible children at LAC Public Health Centers. Contact the clinic to ensure availability.

Uninsured or underinsured adults can access free or low cost vaccines at select clinics enrolled in the Vaccines for Adults (VFA) program. For more information on who is eligible, read VFA Eligibility Based on Insurance Status. You can use the following resources for more information on locating clinics:

You can also dial 2-1-1 for a list of free or low cost vaccine clinics. This includes Vaccines for Children (VFC) provider locations that serve Medi-Cal eligible children and uninsured or underinsured adults. Learn more about specific vaccine information for different age groups:

Keeping Record of Your Immunization Records

Are you not sure if you have been vaccinated against RSV or you can’t find your vaccine records?

If you need official copies of your vaccine records, or if you need to update your personal records:

Signage and Flyers
RSV Vaccine Facts (LAC DPH)
Fall and Winter Immunization Guide (LAC DPH)
Pediatric RSV Immunizations (LAC DPH)
Expecting? Protect yourself and your baby against flu, RSV, whooping cough, and COVID-19 (CDPH)
Immunizations for a Healthy Pregnancy (CDPH)
Protect Yourself with Vaccines (CDPH)
Information for Providers
Clinical Presentation

Each year in the United States, RSV leads to approximately:

  • 2.1 million outpatient (non-hospitalization) visits among children younger than 5 years old.
  • 58,000–80,000 hospitalizations and 100-300 deaths among children younger than 5 years old.
  • 60,000–160,000 hospitalizations and 6000-10,000 deaths among adults 65 years and older.

RSV infection can cause a variety of respiratory illnesses and symptoms in infants and young children. It most commonly causes a cold-like illness but can also cause lower respiratory infections, like bronchiolitis and pneumonia.

In adults, symptoms are usually consistent with an upper respiratory tract infection, which can include rhinorrhea, pharyngitis, cough, headache, fatigue, and fever. Milder illness in adults typically resolves in 1–2 weeks. However, RSV can also cause severe pulmonary disease and hospitalization in older adults and those with underlying conditions.

Immunization Recommendations
Vaccines to Protect Older Adults
  • CDC recommends a single dose of any FDA-licensed RSV vaccine for all adults aged 75 and older and adults ages 60–74 at increased risk of severe RSV.
  • Three RSV vaccines are currently available for adults ages 60 and older: Arexvy (GSK), Abrysvo (Pfizer), and MRESVIA (Moderna) vaccines are approved for use in adults 60 years and older.
  • Coadministration of RSV vaccine with other adult vaccines, including influenza, and COVID, is acceptable.
  • The best time to vaccinate older adult patients is in late summer and early fall before RSV usually starts to spread in the community.
  • Multiple studies have demonstrated RSV vaccine effectiveness in preventing severe respiratory disease, emergency encounters, and hospitalizations.
Immunizations to Prevent Severe Disease in Infants

Maternal RSV Vaccine

  • CDC recommends one dose of maternal RSV vaccine (Abrysvo) for pregnant persons at 32 through 36 weeks gestation. Pregnant people who are more than 36 weeks 6 days pregnant should not be vaccinated, as it is unlikely there will be enough time for antibodies to develop, cross the placenta, and protect the infant.
  • Administer RSV vaccine to pregnant persons from September through January so their infants will be protected against severe RSV disease at birth. Do not administer maternal RSV vaccine outside of this seasonal timeframe.
  • RSV vaccine can be co-administered with Tdap, COVID-19, and influenza.
  • Maternal RSV vaccine reduces the risk of severe infant outcomes caused by RSV by 82% within 3 months and by 69% within 6 months after birth.

Infant RSV Immunization

  • Nirsevimab (Beyfortus, Sanofi) is recommended for infants <8 months of age who are born during or entering their first RSV season, October through March, if:
    • The mother did not receive RSV vaccine during pregnancy, or
    • The mother’s RSV vaccination status is unknown, or
    • The infant was born within 14 days of maternal RSV vaccination.
  • Infants born during RSV season (October through March), should get nirsevimab within one week after birth – ideally during the birth hospitalization.
  • Nirsevimab is also recommended for some children (8 – 19 months) who at increased risk for severe RSV disease and entering their second RSV season. This includes:
    • Children with chronic lung disease of prematurity who required medical support (chronic corticosteroid therapy, diuretic therapy, or supplemental oxygen) any time during the 6-month period before the start of the second RSV season
    • Children with severe immunocompromise
    • Children with cystic fibrosis who have either 1) manifestations of severe lung disease (previous hospitalization for pulmonary exacerbation in the first year of life or abnormalities on chest imaging that persist when stable), or 2) weight-for-length less than the 10th percentile
    • American Indian or Alaska Native children
  • Studies show that nirsevimab is at least 80 -90% effective in preventing infants from being hospitalized with RSV.
Nirsevimab Dosage
Age of Administration Dose Comments
< 8 months or born shortly before or during RSV season Infants < 5kg (<11 lbs) - 50mg (IM)
purple plunger

Infants ≥ 5kg (≥ 11 lbs) - 100 mg (IM)
light blue plunger
Administer within one week of birth – preferably before discharge.
Dose can be administered along with the Hep B birth dose.
8 – 19 months entering their 2nd RSV season 200 mg (IM) [2 - 100mg injections on the same day] Dose can be co-administered with other age – appropriate vaccines, i.e., COVID and flu.
Storage and Handling

Proper vaccine storage and handling practices play an important role. For general recommendations and guidance access the Vaccine Storage and Handling Toolkit.

Reporting

See Reportable Communicable Diseases for reporting requirements for RSV.

Click here for more information on reporting a Vaccine Adverse Event.

Report adverse events when nirsevimab is administered alone, to FDA MedWatch or via phone 800-FDA-1088. When nirsevimab is administered with other vaccines, adverse events should be reported to VAERS.

Treatment

There is no specific treatment for RSV infection other than supportive care.



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Public Health has made reasonable efforts to provide accurate translation. However, no computerized translation is perfect and is not intended to replace traditional translation methods. If questions arise concerning the accuracy of the information, please refer to the English edition of the website, which is the official version.

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