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What is COVID-19?Updated 11-6-24
  • COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
  • Illness can be mild to severe, and some people may have no symptoms at all.
  • COVID-19 vaccines help protect you from severe disease, hospitalization, and death.
  • Protection from vaccines decreases over time so it is important to stay up to date with vaccines.
COVID-19 Vaccine Facts Flyer

Fact Sheet

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COVID-19: Symptoms

COVID-19 most often causes respiratory symptoms that can feel like a cold, the flu, or pneumonia. Symptoms of COVID-19 may range from mild to severe and usually appear 2-14 days after being exposed to the virus.

If you think you have symptoms of COVID-19, talk to your healthcare provider about testing and/or treatment right away.

How does COVID-19 Spread?

COVID-19 spreads when a person infected with the virus breathes out droplets and very small particles that contain the virus. Other people can breathe in these droplets and particles, or these droplets and particles can land on others' eyes, nose, or mouth.

You can spread COVID-19 even if you don’t have symptoms. If you are sick, stay home away from others, get tested, and avoid contact with others until you are better.

Information for the Public
Vaccine Information


  • The COVID-19 vaccine provides protection against the virus that causes COVID-19.
    • Getting a COVID-19 vaccine is a safer and more reliable way to build protection than getting sick with COVID-19.
  • COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective. They help our bodies develop immunity to the virus that causes COVID-19.
    • COVID-19 vaccines go through many steps before they are made available to ensure they are safe and effective.
    • Billions of doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been administered in the US since the vaccines first became available in 2021.
  • The virus that causes COVID-19 changes over time and protection from the vaccine can wane. In order to stay protected from severe COVID-19 disease, it is important to get the updated vaccine each year.
  • Click here or the image to the right for recommended COVID-19 vaccine timing.
Vaccine Recommendations

Who SHOULD get the vaccine:

  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends everyone aged 6 months and older receive an updated 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine.
  • Getting the 2024–2025 COVID-19 vaccine is especially important if you:
  • Adults 65 years and older are recommended to receive 2 doses of any 2024-2025 COVID-19 vaccine (i.e., Moderna, Novavax, or Pfizer-BioNTech) separated by 6 months (minimum interval 2 months) regardless of vaccination history, with one exception:
    • Unvaccinated people who choose Novavax COVID-19 vaccine are recommended to receive 2 doses of Novavax followed by a third dose of any COVID-19 vaccine 6 months (minimum interval 2 months) later.
  • People ages 6 months and older who are moderately or severely immunocompromised are recommended to receive:
    • Unvaccinated: A multidose initial series with an age-appropriate COVID-19 vaccine and 1 dose 6 months (minimum interval 2 months) after completion of the initial series; may receive additional doses under shared clinical decision making
    • Previously completed the multidose initial series: 2 age-appropriate doses of 2024–2025 COVID-19 vaccine 6 months (minimum interval 2 months) apart; may receive additional doses under shared clinical decision making.

Who should NOT get the vaccine:

  • If you have a history of severe allergic reactions or anaphylaxis to any of the ingredients of the COVID-19 vaccine.
Where to get the Vaccine

There are many places to get the COVID-19 vaccine. If you have insurance, talk to your doctor or check with your local pharmacy to see what vaccines are offered. Most health insurances cover the cost of all recommended vaccines for children and adults.

If you are uninsured or underinsured, there are programs available to help cover the cost of vaccines. Children who are 18 years of age or younger are eligible to receive vaccines at no cost through the Vaccines for Children (VFC) Program if they are:

  • Eligible for or are enrolled in Medi-Cal
  • American Indian or Alaskan Native
  • Uninsured (do not have health insurance)
  • Underinsured (private health insurance does not cover the full cost of vaccines)

Click to see if your child is eligible to receive VFC vaccines: English | Spanish

Uninsured or underinsured adults can access free COVID-19 vaccines at clinics and health centers participating in the California Bridge Access Program.

You can also dial 2-1-1 for a list of free or low cost vaccine clinics. This includes Vaccines for Children (VFC) provider locations that serve Medi-Cal eligible children and uninsured or underinsured adults. Learn more about specific vaccine information for different age groups:

Keeping Record of Your Immunization Records

Are you not sure if you have been vaccinated against COVID-19 or you can’t find your vaccine records?

If you need official copies of your vaccine records, or if you need to update your personal records:

Information for Providers
Clinical Presentation

COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. COVID-19 can vary from asymptomatic infection to critical illness. Symptoms and severity can change during illness. Infected people can transmit SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, before symptom onset.

Close follow-up and treatment should be considered older adults, people with disabilities, people with immunocompromising conditions, and people with certain medical conditions.

Click here for clinical considerations for care of children and adults with confirmed COVID-19.

Diagnosis

For COVID-19 testing information, click here.

Vaccine Recommendations

COVID-19 vaccines can be co-administered with other vaccines, including influenza. See Clinical Considerations COVID-19 Vaccinations for more information about vaccine schedules:

Age Vaccine If unvaccinated: If had any prior doses, give 2024-25 doses:
6 months-4 years Pfizer
Infant/Toddler
3 doses If 1 prior dose, then 2 doses
If ≥2 prior doses, then 1 dose
Moderna
Pediatric
2 doses If 1 prior dose, then 1 dose
If ≥2 prior doses, then 1 dose
Age Vaccine If unvaccinated: If had any prior doses, give 2024-25 doses:
5-11 years Pfizer
Pediatric
1 dose If 1 or more prior doses (of any of the brands), then:
2024-25 formulation: Moderna/Pfizer
Moderna
Pediatric
1 dose
Age Vaccine If unvaccinated: If had any prior doses, give 2024-25 doses:
12+ years* Pfizer
Adult
1 dose

If 1 or more prior doses (of any of the brands), then:
2024-25 formulation: Moderna/Pfizer/Novavax
Moderna
Adult
1 dose
Novavax 2 doses

*People ages 65 years and older, vaccinated under the routine schedule, are recommended to receive 2 doses of any 2024–2025 COVID-19 vaccine (i.e., Moderna, Novavax, or Pfizer-BioNTech) separated by 6 months (minimum interval 2 months) regardless of vaccination history, with one exception: Unvaccinated people who initiate vaccination with 2024–2025 Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine are recommended to receive 2 doses of Novavax followed by a third dose of any COVID-19 vaccine 6 months (minimum interval 2 months) later.

  • Click here (see page 2) for COVID-19 vaccine timing 2024-2025.

COVID-19 (2024-2025) Vaccine Fact Sheets:

2023-2024 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines are no longer authorized
As part of FDA’s actions, the 2023–2024 Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccines are no longer authorized for use in the United States. To minimize the risk of vaccine administration errors, providers should:

  • Remove all 2023–2024 mRNA COVID-19 vaccines from storage units immediately, even if they are not expired.
  • Once all inventory is fully accounted for, delete 2023–2024 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine listings from the available vaccine inventory in your Immunization Information System, as applicable.
  • Return all unused 2023–2024 mRNA COVID-19 vaccines to CDC’s centralized distributor using the normal process for returning spoiled/expired vaccines. Note: VFC and BAP providers are to return expired/spoiled vaccines to McKesson. Guidance is available at https://eziz.org/vaccine-management/vaccine-returns/.

Vaccine Clinical Provider Line –Clinical questions about COVID-19 vaccines including but not limited to contraindications, precautions, side effects, post vaccination assessment

  • Monday through Friday, 8:00am-5:00pm, call 213-240-7941. For time-sensitive questions after hours, call 213-974-1234 and ask for the on-call clinician
Vaccine Storage and Handling

Proper vaccine storage and handling practices play an important role. For general recommendations and guidance access the Vaccine Storage and Handling Toolkit.

Reporting

Click here for more information on reporting COVID-19 and Acute Respiratory Illness (instructions for multiple sectors).

For reporting COVID-19 and other acute respiratory illnesses in the workplace (LA County), click here.

Becoming a COVID-19 Vaccination Provider

The COVID-19 vaccine distribution has transitioned from a federal procurement and distribution model to a public/private model. This means that all vaccines must be obtained through traditional procurement channels.

  • For insured patients, vaccine will be available by private insurers, Medi-Cal, Medicare Part B, and Medicare Part D.
  • Uninsured or underinsured adults can access free COVID-19 vaccines at clinics and health centers participating in the California Bridge Access Program.
  • For uninsured/underinsured children and those on Medi-Cal, vaccines will be available through the California Vaccines for Children Program (VFC).

For Providers on the commercial market, the vaccine can be ordered directly through the manufacturer or through a distributor:

  • Moderna: Providers can order through McKesson, Cardinal, and AmeriSource Bergen distributors or directly with Moderna at modernadirect.com/ or 1-866-MODERNA / 1-866-663-3762.
  • Pfizer: Providers may work with wholesalers or directly with Pfizer for minimum quantities at primecontracts.pfizer.com and 1-800-666-7248.
  • Novavax: Providers can order through McKesson, Cardinal, and AmeriSource Bergen distributors. For more information on product purchasing, email Novavax CA regional Business Director, Nidal Naser at nnaser@novavax.com

For regular updates, please sign up for one of the following sessions:

  • LAC DPH Office Hours for vaccines, including COVID-19 and Mpox vaccines. Every other Wednesday 9:00am-10:00amJoin via Microsoft Teams or call +1 323-776-6996, 350 547 595#, phone conference ID: 350 547 595#. To request meeting schedule and slides, please email covidvaccinereq@ph.lacounty.gov
  • CDPH COVID-19 Vaccination Program Consolidated webinar (COVID-19 vaccine, COVID-19 therapeutics, Mpox)– Updates and Q&A Fridays 9:00am-10:30am One-time registration 


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  • Public Health has made reasonable efforts to provide accurate translation. However, no computerized translation is perfect and is not intended to replace traditional translation methods. If questions arise concerning the accuracy of the information, please refer to the English edition of the website, which is the official version.

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